Vaporizer for internal combustion engines



b May 5, 1936'. A. SElDE L 2,039,353

VAPORIZER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 5, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet l Fig.1.

May 5, 1936. I SEIDEL 2,039,353 I VAPORIZER EOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 5, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 [1 l i 1 L JIIL 4 19 7 v 119 I I -1 4 l; )101;

. F Z 77 38 13 I.

May 5, 1936.

ASEDEL VAPORIZERFOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 5, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet'3 May 5, 1936. A sE L 2,039,353

' VAPORIZER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 5, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented May 5, 1936 PATENT OFFICE vAroarznn FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Arnold Seidel, Berlin-Charlottenburg, Germany Application May 5, 1932, Serial No. 609,433 In Germany May 6, 1931 12 Claims. ((1261-18)- The present invention relates to improvements in a vaporizer for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a vaporizer for multistage service, which is adapted to atomize heavy oils and light fuels, such as benzene.

A characteristic of hitherto usually known carburetors was to produce only a coarse atomizing of the fuel-air mixture, but not to produce an ideal atomization thereof. This feature was not objectionable in the case of carburetors for lightfuels, such as benzene, but it is impossible to obtain a sufiicient heavy oil service with such carburetors because the imperfect atomization causes the formation of condensates, which enter into the cylinder and from the walls thereof into the crank case, where they produce a dilution of the lubricant.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a vaporizer for atomizing liquid fuels to a high degree to permit heavy oil service.

Another object of the invention is to provide means to impart an exceptional high speed to the fuel-air mixture.

Still another object of my-invention is to provide means to automatically change from benzene service to heavy oil service, as soon as the speed of the fuel-air mixture reaches the high degree which is necessary to ensure the atomization of the heavy oil, and to automatically change 3b over from heavy oil service to benzene service, if

the speed of the fuel-air mixture becomes too low for the atomization of the heavy oil.

A further object of the present invention is to provide means in the conduits of a multi-stage 35 vaporizer, except the conduit of the first stage,

which means prevent an undesired communication between the different valve chambers of the engine. I

I accomplish the purposes of my invention with 40 a vaporizer for multi-stage service which comprises a float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle, a primary mixing channel into which said fuel nozzle opens, a plurality of main atomizers each having an injector slot at its narrowest cross-sec- 45 tion and being open on one side to the air and on the other side connected to the intake manifold of the engine, each injector slot being connected to said primary mixing channel by a duct, a slot closure in the narrowest cross section of each 50 main atomizer and provided with splitting edges the latter being arranged substantially at right angles to said ducts, and conduits extending from said main atomizers. In order to obtain the automatic change from benzene service to heavy 55 oil service and vice-versa, I arrange an additional float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle opening into a duct leading to the primary mixing channel, a change over. element at the point of junction between said primary mixing channel and said duct, and means connected with said 5 change over element and driven by means of the pressure in the conduit of the first stage and adapted to automatically move the change over element.

In the accompanying drawings which'form a part of this specification and in which like characters of reference indicate the same parts:-

Fig. l is a vertical sectional view of a vaporizer taken on line l--| of Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is another vertical sectional view of the 1'5 vaporizer shown in Fig. 1 taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal view partly in section of the vaporizer shown in Fig. 1 taken on line 3-3 of Fi 1; 20

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the slot closure of the vaporizer shown in Fig. 1 in a diminished scale;

Fig. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of a vaporizer, partly a sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 6; A

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view of the vaporizer shown in Fig. 5 taken on line 6'-6 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional view of the vaporizer shown in Fig. 5 taken on line 1- of Fig.

5 and Fig. 8 is a top plan view of the slot closure of the vaporizer shown in Fig. 5.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the apparatus comprises a float chamber 6 for a heavy fuel (heavy oil) and a float chamber 2 for a light fuel (benzene), the two chambers being arranged in the same horizontal plane. The float chamber 6 for heavy oil has a nozzle 5 which opens into 7 a nozzle I00 inserted in a channel llll for the primary mixture in advance of a rotatable changeover valve 9 provided with a longitudinal bore I 0 closed on both ends and apertures II, II l2 and 12' arranged in its wall. The float chamber 2 for the. benzene has two nozzles l and 4|, that nozzle 1 opening into a nozzle I02 inserted in a channel I03 fortheprimary mixture. The nozzle 4| of the float chamber 2 for benzene serves for preparing the idle benzene-air mixture and opens into the channel 42 for the idle mixture.

In the position shown in Fig. 3 the apertures H, II of the change-over valve 9 provide a 'connection between the primary mixing channel l0! and a narrow duct 1, which opens into an annular,

space 31 formed around the upper part 36v (Fig.

. tion of the vaporizer. Said channel is controlled by the above mentioned slot closure I8, I9.

2) of the main atomizer. Said annular space 31 communicates with an injector-slot I04 arranged between the. upper part 36 and the lower part 38 of the main atomizer at the narrowest cross-section thereof. The main atomizer 36, 38 is arranged in the narrow conduit 3 of stage I and may be controlled at its narrowest cross section by means of a slot closure I8, I9, which will be described hereinafter. The upper end of the atomizer is open to the air. The conduit 3 branches into the narrow. conduits 34 and 34' leading to the valve chambers of the motor (not shown). Additional atomizers 33 and 33 are disposed in said conduits 34 and 34' and serve to remove any condensates which may be deposited on the smooth walls of the conduits.

A wide duct 8, in which a Venturi nozzle I05 is inserted, registers with the aperture I2 of the changeover valve 9 and opens into an annular space I 06 formed around the upper part I01 (Fig. 2) of the main atomizer of stage II. Said annular space I06 communicates with an injector slot I08 arranged between the upper part I01 and the lower part I09 of the main atomizer at the narrowest cross-section thereof. The main atomizer I01, I09 is arranged in the wide conduit 4 and may be controlled at its narrowest cross-section by the above mentioned slot closure I 8, I9. The upper end of the atomizer I01, I09 is open to the air. The conduit 4 branches into the ,wide conduits 21 and 28 connected with the valve chambers of the motor (not shown) and controlled by the throttling valves 25 and 26, which prevent an undesired communication between the valve chambers of the motor through the conduits 4 and 3 of the stages II and I.

The rotatable change-over valve 9 is provided with a shaft IIO (Fig. 3), to the free end of which the upper end of a link III is secured. The lower end of said link is connected with a rod II2 of a piston I4 reciprocable in a cylinder I3 attached to the casing of the vaporizer. A spring I5 surrounding the rod 2 is interposed between the piston I4 and the right hand end of the cylinder and tends to move the piston to the left hand side. A channel I6, I6, I1, I1 forms 'a connection between the right hand chamber of the cylinder and the conduit 3 of the stage I, so

-' that a vacuum exists in said chamber, if the channel I6, I 6, II, II is open during the opera- A lever II3 fastened to the pin IIO of the rotatable change-over valve 9 carries a counter weight 20 adjustably mounted on the free end of said lever. Said counter weight prevents oscillations of the piston I4 and valve 9 in harmony with the induction impulses in the conduits;

As mentioned above the two atomizers 36, 38 and I01, I09 of the stages I and II and the connecting channel I6, I6, I1, I1"are controlled by a ,slot closure which consists of two very thin plates I8, I9 sliding in guides H4 and H5 (Fig. 4) The plates are provided'with holes- I I6-I2I which control the conduits of the stages I and II and the connecting channel I1. and Ill and I20 and I2I are of oblong form. Fig. 4 shows the slot closure in closed condition, that is the holes II6.I2I are in such a position relatively to each other, that the stages I and II and the connecting channel are completely covered by the plates I8 and I9. When it is desired to open the carburetor, a rod 24 is rotated by means of a Bowden cable I22 attached to one end 23' of a two-armed lever 23 secured to said rod,v

The holes 6 so that a two-armed lever I 23 mounted on the upper end of said rod 24 is rocked about its axis. Rollers I24, I25 mounted on the free ends of the lever I23'engage with recesses I26, I21 of the plates I8, I9 and shift these plates along their guides and against each other a distance corresponding to the rocking amount of the lever.

During this shifting the holes of the plates I8 and I9 approach each other and at first the holes I I6 and H1 and then the holes I 20 and I2I overlap each other to such a degree, that the stage I and the connecting channel I1 are fully opened. At this time the stage II is still closed, as the holes H8, H9 do not register. During a further shifting of the plates I8, I9, the stage I and the connecting channel I1 remain in open condition due to the oblong form of the holes II6, II1, I20, I2l, and the stage II will be opened, as the holes H8, H9 will overlap each other. When the rod 24 and the lever I23 are rocked in the opposite direction by means of the helical spring I21, said operations take place in reverse sequence.

The holes controlling the stages I and II form splitting edges, which are arranged substantially at right angles to the ducts'1 and 8 leading the primary mixture. The primary mixture flows simultaneously to all sides of the splitting edges,

- toothed segment as the plates I8, I 9 are arranged horizontally immediately below the injector slots I04 and I08. At :the splitting edges the speed of the air coming from the open end of the atomizer is the actual absolute maximum air speed (about 100-200 m/sec.) as there is the narrowest crosssection of the atomizer, so that a perfect atomization will be obtained.

Thelower end of the rod 24 carries a pin I29 engaging with an oblong aperture I30 of a sleeve I3I screwed to a shaft I32 carrying a lever I33. Said lever I33 is connected with one end of a link I34, the other end of which is connected with a lever I35 secured to a shaft I36 carrying the throttling .valve 26. The shaft I36 also carries a I31 meshing with another toothed segment I38 mounted on a shaft I39 carrying a throttling valve 25.

The idle benzene mixture flows through the horizontal channel 42, the vertical channel 43, the horizontal channel 43, the annular chamber 4 4 surrounding the atomizer I09, and the channel 43" to the annular chamber 45 surrounding the atomizer 38, from which chamber 45 the idle mixture enters through openings 46 into the stage I behind the slot closure. The channel 42 has an enlarged part 42', into which additional air may enter through an aperture 41 controlled by a piston 48 movable in the part 42'. The aperture 41 may be closed by said piston 48, if a high percentage of idle mixture is desired for the starting operation.

The primary channels IOI, I03 are provided with openings 40, 39 controlled by a valve I28. The adjustment of the valve I28 determines the amount of additional air coming to the primary mixture.

The vaporizer operates as follows:

In order to obtain a normal speed of the motor, the plates I8 and I9 of the slot closure are shifted against each other to such a position, that the oblong holes H6, H1 and I20, I2I fully open the stage I and the connecting channel I6, I6, l1, l1, while the holes H8, H9 overlap each other only partly, so that a small elliptical opening is formed as-shown in Fig. 3 and the stage II is opened only about V of its width. Owing to the fact that a play exists in the connection between the rod 24 and the linkage of the throttle valves 25, 25 by means of the oblong holes I30 the throttle valves 25, 23 are still in the position shown in Fig. 1 closing the wide conduits 21, 28. The opening of the connecting channel I6, I6, II, II causes the creation of the same vacuum in the right hand chamber of the cylinder I3 as the vacuum in the conduit 3 of stage I produced by the suction of the motor. As soon as the vacuum in the stage I is high enough to ensure a perfect atomization of heavy oil, the same vacuum in the .right hand chamber of the cylinder I3 causes a movement of the piston I4 against the spring I5 having a predetermined tension, so that the change-over valve 9 is automatically rotated into the position shown in Fig. 3, in which the channel IOI of the heavy oil primary mixture is connected with the duct I leading to the main atomizer of stage I.

As mentioned above, the valves 25 and 26 close the conduits 21 and 28 in the described position of the slot closure, so that no vacuum is created in the conduit 4 of the stage II. The main atomizer I01, I09 of said stage, however, is open to the air at its upper end and connected with the change-over valve 9 and the duct 1 through the injector slot I08 and the duct 8. Therefore, additional air enters through the open end. of the main atomizer I 01, I09, the duct 8 and the bore I of the valve 9 to the primary mixture flowing from the channel IOI to the duct 1 and the stage I. Said additional air is forced to flow through the Venturi nozzle I in a direction opposite to the normal direction of flow, so that the additional air will be throttled considerably. This throttling efiect compensates in connection with an automatic regulation of the quantity of additional air the disproportionate output of the fuel nozzle 5. The quantity of additional air passing through the duct 8 is determined by the pressure existing at the injector slot I08. During an opening of the stage II by means of a further movement of the lever 23 causing a full opening of the main atomizer I01, I09 and a rotating of the valves 25 and 26 into open position, a gradually increasing vacuum will be produced at the injector slot I08 owing to the fact, that the motor now is able to draw over the stage II also. Thus, at first little additional air will flow through the duct 8 into the duct 1, whereupon the admission ofadditional air entirely ceases and then the air and finally the fuel-air mixture will be drawn by the motor through the conduit 4 of the stage II and mixed with the fuel-air mixture of the stage I in the valve chambers of the motor.

Said additional opening of the stage II will be carried out, if a maximum speed of the motor or an acceleration of the car is desired. As soon as the valves 25, 26open the wide conduit 4 to the valve chambers of the motor, the vacuum in the conduit 3 of the stage I and in the cylinder I3 will drop, and as soon as the vacuum becomes too little to enable an atomization of heavy oil,

the spring I5 urges the piston I4 to the left hand side, so that the change-over valve 9 is rotated.-

zene service.

In order to make the automatic change-over device inoperative if desired, a rotatable valve 2I is provided, which may be turned into such a position, that it connects the vacuum chamber of the cylinder I3 with the air, so that the spring I5 holds the piston I4 in its left hand position thus establishing the benzene service.- An abutment lever 22 mounted on the shaft of the valve 2| comes into the path of the end 23 of the lever 23 and forms a stop for the latter, if the valve 2| is rotated into the position to make the change-over device inoperative. Thus the abutment lever is adapted to limit the opening movement of the slot closure.

The embodiment of the vaporizer shown in Figs. 5-8 inclusive is provided with two conduits 3 (stages I) working in parallelism and two conduits l (stages II) also working in parallelism. The vaporizer is adapted to supply the fuel mixture to two motors (not shown) having separate intake conduits. The pair of narrow conduits 3 extends downwardly similar to the arrangement of the vaporizer shown in Figs. 1 and 2,

while the pair of wide conduits is arranged opposite to the conduits 3 and extends upwardly. There is only one float chamber 6 for heavy oil 1 and only one float chamber 2 for benzene. The

ductsj8 extend downwardly from the change-over valve 9, which controls the two ducts I and the two ducts 8. The ducts 8 open into the main atomizers I01 and are provided with the Venturi nozzles I05. The conduits 4 are controlled by throttling valves 53 connected by a linkage to the valves 25 and 20. Therefore, the slot closure plates I8, I9 are provided merely with holes H6, H1 and I20, I2I controlling the pair of stages I and the connecting channel I6, I! (see Figs. 7 and 8). The operation of the vaporizer is similar to the operation of the vaporizer as shown in Figs. l-4, so that a detailed description is thought to be superfluous. The slot closure I8, I9 simultaneously opens the two conduits 3, and the valves 54 simultaneously open the two conduits 4.

I have shown preferred embodiments of my invention but it is clear, that numerous changes and omissions may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim: 7

1. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service the combination of a float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle, a primary mixing channel into which said fuel nozzle opens, a plurality of main atomizers each having an injector slot at its narrowest I cross-section and. being open on one side to the air and on the other side connected to the intake manifold of the engine, each injector slot being connected to said primary mixing channel by a duct, a slot closure in the narrowest cross-section of each main atomizer and provided with splitting edges, the longitudinal axes of said main atomizers being arranged substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axes of said ducts, whereby the flow of the"'primary mixture is deflected at saidsplitting edges, and conduits extending from said main atomizers.

2. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service as claimed in claim 1 a single slot closure controlling all main atomizers and adapted to open them successively.

3. In a vaporizer for multi-stageservice in combination with the elements claimed in claim 1 Venturi nozzles in each duct connecting themjector slot with the primary mixing channel except the duct leading to the first stage arranged in a direction to throttle passage of compensating air coming from the air-open end of the atomizer.

4. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service the combination of a float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle, a primary mixing channel into which said fuel nozzle opens, a plurality of main atomizers of different sizes each having an injector slot at its narrowest cross-section and being open .on one side to the air and on the other side connected to the engine, the main atomizer of the first stage being the smallest in size, each injector slot being connected to said primary mixing channel by a duct, said ducts being of different sizes, corresponding to the sizes of the respective main atomizers, a single slot closure conhaving diiferent sizes.

5. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service in combination with the elements claimed in claim 4, an adjustable stop adapted to limit the opening movement of said slot closure in such a manner, that the slot closure opens predetermined main atomizers.

6. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service, in combination with the elements claimed in claim 4, throttling means disposed in each conduit beyond said main atomizers except the conduit of the first stage.

7. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service, in combination with the elements claimed in claim 4, throttling means disposed in each conduit beyond said main atomizers except the conduit oi the first stage, said throttling means being connected together and positively driven by means of gears.

'8. In a vaporizer for multi-stage servicein combination with the elements claimed in claim 1, an additional float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle opening into a duct leading to the primary mixing channel, a change-over element at the point of junction between said primary mixing channel and said duct, said point being between the end of the primary mixing channel open to the air and the main atomizers.

I 9. In a vaporizer for multi=stage service in combination with the elements claimed in claim 1, an additional float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle opening into a duct leading to the primary mixing channel, a change-over element mixing channel and said duct, said additional float chamber having a second nozzle opening into a duct adapted to conduct idle mixture into the conduit of the first stage behind the slot closure.

11. In a vaporizer for multi-stage service in combination with the elements claimed in claim 1 an additional float chamber provided with a fuel nozzle opening into a duct leading to the primary mixing channel, a change-over element at the point of junction between said primary mixing channel and said duct, said additional float chamber having a second nozzle opening into a duct adapted to lead idle mixture into the conduit of the first stage behind the slot closure and provided with an adjustable air admission aperture.

12. In a vaporizer for multi-stage' service in combination with the elements as claimed in claim 1, an additional regulating valve arranged in said primary mixing channel behind the entrance of said fuel nozzle adapted to adjust the mixture.

ARNOLD SEIDEL. 

